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Bhakti Prajnana Kesava Goswami, also known as Bhakti Prajnan Keshava Maharaja, was a Gaudiya Vaishnava sannyasi and the founder-acharya of the Sri Gaudiya Vedanta Samiti. He was born in 1898 in Banaripara, a village in the Barisal district of Bengal, then under British rule and now in Bangladesh. Traditional mission biographies identify his father as Sarat Chandra Guha and his mother as Bhuvana Mohini Devi. After schooling in Bengal he came under the influence of Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Thakura, founder of the Gaudiya Math, and received initiation in that lineage. As a brahmacari he was known as Vinoda-bihari Brahmacari and served the Gaudiya Math in the 1920s and 1930s as a preacher, organizer, and worker on the society's Bengali publications.

After Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati died in 1937, the Gaudiya Math fragmented amid disputes over succession and property. In 1940 Kesava Maharaja and other senior godbrothers established the Sri Gaudiya Vedanta Samiti, initially based in Calcutta. He accepted the sannyasa order around that time and took the name Bhakti Prajnana Kesava Goswami. The new institution opened maths in several places central to Gaudiya Vaishnavism, above all Sri Devananda Gaudiya Math in Nabadwip (Navadvipa), which became a principal seat, together with centers connected with Puri, Vrindavan, and other pilgrimage sites of the Caitanya tradition.

He taught Gaudiya Vedanta in the strict line of Bhaktisiddhanta, stressing exclusive bhakti to Krishna as presented by Caitanya Mahaprabhu, the public chanting of the holy names, the rejection of caste barriers to Vaishnava practice, and opposition to what that school regarded as unauthorized or sahajiya forms of devotion. He wrote and published in Bengali and remained an active organizer of temples and periodicals. In 1959, at Mathura, he gave sannyasa initiation to Abhay Charan De, thereafter known as A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami, who later founded the International Society for Krishna Consciousness. The event is recorded in the internal histories of both the Gaudiya Vedanta Samiti and ISKCON.

Kesava Goswami died in 1968. His samadhi is at Sri Devananda Gaudiya Math in Nabadwip, West Bengal. Disciples continued the Sri Gaudiya Vedanta Samiti, which remembers him as founding acharya. Outside Gaudiya Vaishnava literature, independent archival documentation of his childhood and inner life is limited, and many anecdotal episodes circulate only in hagiographies produced by his mission; the securely attested outline remains his birth in eastern Bengal in 1898, discipleship under Bhaktisiddhanta, founding of the Samiti in 1940, and death in 1968.

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