Suggest an Edit — Castrensis

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Biography

Short Description

Saint Castrensis, also known as Castrense, is a fifth-century Christian bishop venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church, especially in Campania and Sicily. Almost nothing about his life can be established from contemporary documents. The accounts that survive are hagiographical and were written centuries later. He is traditionally numbered among a group of North African bishops expelled from their sees during the Vandal domination of Roman Africa, when Arian rulers such as Genseric persecuted clergy who held to the Nicene faith.

According to the legend, twelve bishops—commonly listed as Priscus, Castrensis, Tammarus, Rosius, Heraclius, Secundinus, Adjutor, Mark, Augustus, Elpidius, Canion, and Vindonius—were forced into a boat that had neither oars nor sails and were cast adrift on the Mediterranean. The vessel was said to have come ashore on the coast of Campania. The bishops then separated and took up pastoral work in different towns of southern Italy. Castrensis is linked in this tradition with the lower Volturno and with Castel Volturno (Castrum Vulturnum). Some later writers also identify him with a bishop of Capua, an identification that remains uncertain because the fifth-century episcopal succession at Capua is poorly documented.

The Roman Martyrology commemorates Saint Castrensis as a bishop on 11 February and associates him with Capua. A group feast of the African bishops, including Castrensis, has also been observed on 1 September in some calendars. In the twelfth century the Norman king William II of Sicily had relics believed to be those of Castrensis transferred to the newly built cathedral of Monreale, near Palermo. From that time Castrensis has been honored as the principal patron of Monreale. He is likewise the patron saint of Castel Volturno. The cathedral of Monreale remains the principal shrine of his relics.

Because the narrative of the rudderless boat and the precise identifications of sees rest on late and legendary sources, historians treat the biographical details with caution. The liturgical cult itself, however, is firmly established in the martyrological tradition of the Western Church. Devotion to Castrensis continues in the dioceses of Campania and in the archdiocese of Monreale, where his feast is kept with particular solemnity.

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