Suggest an Edit — Confessor Felix de Valois

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Biography

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Felix of Valois (Félix de Valois) is venerated in the Catholic Church as a confessor and as the traditional co-founder, with Saint John of Matha, of the Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captives, commonly called the Trinitarians. The received hagiographical tradition, which took written shape well after the thirteenth century, places his birth in 1127 in the Valois region of northern France and ascribes to him noble or even royal ancestry connected with the house of Valois or the counts of Vermandois. That princely genealogy is not supported by independent contemporary evidence and is treated by modern historians as legendary. Nothing securely documented is known of his childhood, education, or early career; the later lives simply present him as a man who abandoned the world for solitude.

According to the same tradition, Felix withdrew as a hermit into the forest of Cerfroid in the diocese of Meaux. There, in the closing years of the twelfth century, he is said to have been joined by John of Matha, a priest from Provence who had conceived, after a vision at his first Mass, an order dedicated to ransoming Christians held captive in Muslim lands. Together they are described as having drawn up the rule of the new institute, which received approbation from Pope Innocent III in 1198. Felix is portrayed as remaining at Cerfroid as superior of the French houses while John travelled to Rome and elsewhere. The earliest papal bulls and the oldest lives of John of Matha, however, name only John as founder; Felix does not appear in Trinitarian documentation until the later Middle Ages. Historians have therefore suggested that the figure of a second, aristocratic co-founder was elaborated, or even constructed, in order to enhance the order’s prestige.

The traditional date of his death is 4 November 1212 at the motherhouse of Cerfroid, where he was buried. The Roman Martyrology commemorates him on that day as priest and confessor. In the Tridentine and 1962 General Roman Calendars his liturgical feast was kept on 20 November; after the calendar reform of 1969 the feast was left to particular calendars, especially those of the Trinitarian family. Pope Alexander VII confirmed the immemorial cult of Felix of Valois, together with that of John of Matha, in 1666, an act generally regarded as an equipollent canonization. No separate medieval canonization or distinct beatification process is recorded.

Whatever the unresolved questions about his historical individuality, Felix of Valois remains a central figure in Trinitarian memory and iconography. He is customarily shown in the white habit of the order, marked with the blue and red cross, sometimes as a hermit and sometimes together with John of Matha. Cerfroid continued as the principal French house of the Trinitarians, and his cult, though never among the most widespread in the universal Church, has been maintained without interruption in the order he is held to have helped found.

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