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Eduard Müller was born on 20 August 1911 in Neumünster, in the Prussian province of Schleswig-Holstein, then part of the German Empire. He came from a modest working-class Catholic family. After completing his schooling he trained and worked as a carpenter before pursuing a vocation to the priesthood. He entered seminary formation for the Diocese of Osnabrück, which at that period held pastoral responsibility for the Catholic minority in Lübeck and the surrounding region of northern Germany.

Müller was ordained a priest in 1939 and assigned as a chaplain to the Herz-Jesu-Kirche (Church of the Sacred Heart) in Lübeck, where he served with fellow priests Johannes Prassek and Hermann Lange. In a predominantly Lutheran city he devoted himself to ordinary parish ministry, youth work, and catechesis. Those who knew him described him as unpretentious, practical, and pastorally committed, a priest of simple origins who took seriously the care of souls amid the growing pressures of the National Socialist state.

Together with Prassek, Lange, and the Lutheran pastor Karl Friedrich Stellbrink, Müller belonged to a small ecumenical circle of clergy who discussed the moral implications of Nazi policy, circulated forbidden texts including the sermons of Bishop Clemens August Graf von Galen of Münster against the euthanasia program, and voiced criticism of the regime’s ideology and conduct of the war. These conversations and the distribution of such materials were reported to the Gestapo. The four clergymen were arrested in 1942.

Tried in 1943 before the Volksgerichtshof (People’s Court), they were convicted of treason, undermining military morale, and related offences and were sentenced to death. On 10 November 1943 Eduard Müller, aged thirty-two, was executed by guillotine at the prison at Holstenglacis in Hamburg, together with Prassek, Lange, and Stellbrink. Their deaths made them among the best-known clerical victims of Nazi judicial terror in northern Germany.

After the war the four became known as the Lübeck martyrs. The Catholic Church recognized the three priests as having been killed in odium fidei. They were beatified on 25 June 2011 in a ceremony in Lübeck at which Cardinal Angelo Amato represented Pope Benedict XVI. Their liturgical memorial is observed on 10 November, the anniversary of their execution. Eduard Müller is remembered as a young diocesan priest whose fidelity to conscience and pastoral duty cost him his life under a totalitarian regime.

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