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Francisco Hà Trọng Mậu, known in Vietnamese as Phanxicô Hà Trọng Mậu, was born in 1790 in the village of Quần Anh in Nam Định province, in the northern region of Vietnam then commonly called Tonkin. He belonged to a Catholic community that had taken root in the Red River delta through the work of European missionaries, especially members of the Dominican Order who had long been active in East Tonkin. Little is recorded of his childhood, as is typical for rural laypeople of nineteenth-century Vietnam, but he grew up in a milieu in which the Christian faith was practiced under intermittent official hostility and was transmitted largely by native catechists rather than by resident foreign clergy.

As an adult he served as a catechist, instructing converts and supporting the sacramental life of local congregations in cooperation with Dominican missionaries. Hagiographical catalogues describe him as a member of the Third Order of Saint Dominic, a lay affiliation that bound him to Dominican spirituality without the vows of a religious congregation. In that capacity he taught doctrine, prepared candidates for baptism, and helped sustain the Church when foreign priests were expelled or forced into hiding. His work placed him among the principal native collaborators of the East Tonkin mission at a time when the imperial court in Huế regarded Christianity as a threat to Confucian order and to royal authority.

The reign of Emperor Minh Mạng (1820–1841) brought systematic persecution. Edicts required Christians to recant by trampling a crucifix and prescribed severe penalties, including death, for those who refused. In 1838 Hà Trọng Mậu was arrested with other catechists and faithful in the Nam Định area. He was imprisoned, interrogated, and subjected to the tortures commonly used to force apostasy. He declined to renounce the faith. On 19 December 1838 he was put to death by strangulation at the execution ground of Bảy Mẫu in Nam Định, a method frequently employed against Christian prisoners in that campaign. Several companions from the same Dominican mission circle suffered martyrdom in the same season of persecution.

Hà Trọng Mậu was among the sixty-four martyrs of Vietnam beatified by Pope Leo XIII on 27 May 1900. He was canonized in Rome on 19 June 1988 by Pope John Paul II as one of the one hundred seventeen Vietnamese Martyrs, whose collective feast is observed on 24 November. Historical documentation of his private family life remains sparse; surviving notices emphasize his role as a lay catechist and his death for the faith rather than domestic details. He is commemorated with his companions as a witness of the Catholic community of Tonkin in the nineteenth century.

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