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Biography

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Gjon Shllaku was an Albanian Franciscan priest, philosopher, and Catholic martyr of the twentieth century. He was born in 1907 in Shkodër, the principal Catholic centre of northern Albania, at a time when the city still lay within the Ottoman Empire. Raised in a Catholic family, he entered the Order of Friars Minor and received his early religious and academic formation in Franciscan houses in Albania. He was later sent to Italy for higher studies in philosophy and theology and returned as one of the more thoroughly educated clergy of his generation, formed in the Franciscan school yet conversant with contemporary European thought.

After ordination to the priesthood he taught at the Franciscan college in Shkodër and took part in the intellectual and journalistic life of Albanian Catholicism. He wrote and collaborated on Catholic periodicals, addressing philosophy, culture, and the place of the Church in Albanian society. Contemporaries regarded him as a cultured and articulate friar. His ministry unfolded through the interwar years and the Second World War, as Albania passed from monarchy through occupation and, from late 1944, into communist rule under Enver Hoxha.

The new regime treated the Catholic Church as a political enemy and moved quickly against clergy and Catholic institutions. In that wave of repression Father Shllaku was arrested and charged, together with Jesuits and other clergy and lay Catholics, with belonging to a supposed anti-state organisation and with hostility to the people’s power. The proceedings held in Shkodër in early 1946 had the character of a Stalinist show trial. He was condemned to death.

On 4 March 1946 he was executed by firing squad in Shkodër, together with companions from the same trial, among them the Jesuit priests Giovanni Fausti and Daniel Dajani. He was among the earliest Catholic clergy put to death in a persecution that would continue until the end of communist rule. On 5 November 2016 he was beatified in Shkodër, together with thirty-seven other Albanian martyrs of the communist era, in a ceremony authorised by Pope Francis. The Church honours him as Blessed Gjon Shllaku, a Franciscan who refused to abandon the faith and the intellectual and pastoral work to which he had been called.

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