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Jane Frances de Chantal was born Jeanne-Françoise Frémyot at Dijon in 1572, daughter of Bénigne Frémyot, president of the Parlement of Burgundy, and Marguerite de Berbisey. Her mother died while she was still an infant, and she was raised by her father in a Catholic household during the later French Wars of Religion. In 1592 she married Christophe de Rabutin, Baron de Chantal, and lived with him at the château of Bourbilly in Burgundy. The marriage was by contemporary accounts affectionate and devout. Six children were born to them, three of whom died in infancy; the surviving children were a son, Celse-Bénigne, and daughters Marie-Aimée, Françoise, and Charlotte. In 1601 the baron was accidentally shot and killed while hunting, leaving Jane a widow at about twenty-eight, responsible for her household and remaining children.

After her husband's death she bound herself by a vow of chastity and spent several years at Monthelon in the household of her demanding father-in-law. In 1604, during Lent, she heard Francis de Sales, Bishop of Geneva, preach at Dijon and thereafter took him as her spiritual director. With his counsel she arranged her children's futures—her son Celse-Bénigne later became the father of the letter-writer Madame de Sévigné—and in 1610 she left secular life to co-found with Francis de Sales the Order of the Visitation of Holy Mary at Annecy in Savoy. The Visitation was intended for women who wished to live a religious life but could not undertake the physical austerities of older orders. Its spirit stressed humility, gentleness, and hidden charity. Early hopes that the sisters might visit the sick beyond the cloister were curtailed when church authorities required stricter enclosure, yet the congregation spread rapidly under her government.

Jane Frances spent the following decades founding, visiting, and governing Visitation monasteries in Savoy and France. She endured the death of her young daughter Charlotte near the time of the first foundation, the death of Francis de Sales in 1622, and later the death of her son Celse-Bénigne in military service. After 1622 Vincent de Paul assisted in the direction of the Paris house and of the foundress herself. She left a substantial body of letters and spiritual conferences that illustrate a doctrine of trust in divine providence and of fidelity in ordinary duties. By the end of her life the order numbered several dozen houses. In late 1641, returning from a round of visitations, she fell ill at the Visitation convent of Moulins and died there on 13 December 1641.

Her remains were taken to Annecy and are now enshrined in the Basilica of the Visitation. She was beatified by Pope Benedict XIV in 1751 and canonized by Pope Clement XIII in 1767. The Roman Catholic Church keeps her feast on 12 August. She is invoked as patron of widows, of forgotten people, of parents separated from their children, of those afflicted by in-law troubles, and of those who have lost parents, reflecting the trials of her own family life and long widowhood.

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