Suggest an Edit — Maria Cristina of Savoy, Queen of the Two Sicilies

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Biography

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Maria Cristina of Savoy was born in 1812 in Cagliari on the island of Sardinia, where the court of the Kingdom of Sardinia was then established during the Napoleonic occupation of the Savoy mainland. She was a daughter of King Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia and Archduchess Maria Teresa of Austria-Este, and thus a princess of the House of Savoy. Her sisters included Maria Beatrice, later Duchess of Modena, Maria Teresa, later Duchess of Parma, and Maria Anna, later Empress of Austria as consort of Ferdinand I. After the restoration that followed the Congress of Vienna she was raised in a Catholic dynastic household that combined princely etiquette with regular religious practice. Later accounts of her youth describe a reserved temperament, a habit of prayer, and an early inclination toward charity rather than display.

In 1832 she married Ferdinand II, King of the Two Sicilies, and became queen consort of the Bourbon kingdom that ruled southern Italy and Sicily. The marriage allied the House of Savoy with the Neapolitan Bourbons. At the court of Naples she was noted for comparatively simple dress and manner and for personal works of charity among the poor, the sick, and prisoners. She is recorded as having tried to moderate the severity of her husband's government, including by pleading for clemency and by opposing capital punishment. Popular feeling in Naples soon styled her a holy queen. The marriage produced one child, a son born in January 1836, who would later reign as Francis II, the last king of the Two Sicilies.

Maria Cristina died in Naples in January 1836, within days of giving birth, from complications of childbirth. She was twenty-three years old. She was buried in the Basilica of Santa Chiara in Naples, the church that served as the pantheon of the Bourbon kings and queens of the Two Sicilies. Her brief queenship and early death left a strong popular memory of piety, gentleness, and concern for the suffering. Ferdinand II later remarried. Their son Francis II was deposed in the early 1860s during the unification of Italy, which ended Bourbon rule in Naples and Sicily.

Devotion to Maria Cristina as an example of Christian queenship continued in southern Italy and in Savoy circles after her death. A cause for her beatification was introduced in the nineteenth century. In 2014 she was beatified by Pope Francis and is honored as Blessed Maria Cristina of Savoy. She has not been canonized. The Church commemorates her on 31 January, the date of her death. Catholic tradition presents her as a royal laywoman who joined dynastic duty to personal holiness, charity, and intercession for the condemned and the poor.

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