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Maria Lorenza Longo, known in Catalan as Maria Llorença Llong, was born in 1463 in Lleida (Lérida) in Catalonia, then part of the Crown of Aragon. She came from a noble family and married Joan Llong (also rendered Juan Llong or Giovanni Longo), an official connected with the Spanish crown. The couple settled in Naples, which in this period was under Aragonese and subsequently Spanish rule. In the early sixteenth century she was stricken with a severe paralysis that, according to traditional accounts, lasted for years and left her unable to walk. Later biographers report that she recovered after a pilgrimage to the Holy House of Loreto, an episode presented in the sources as a turning point toward a life of piety and organized charity.

After she was widowed, Longo devoted herself to the sick and the poor of Naples. In a period when syphilis and other conditions regarded as incurable led many hospitals to refuse patients, she took a leading part in founding the Ospedale di Santa Maria del Popolo degli Incurabili (Hospital of Saint Mary of the People of the Incurables). The house, which took shape in the early 1520s, received support from the Spanish viceregal authorities and from clergy associated with the Oratory of Divine Love, among them Gaetano da Thiene (Saint Cajetan). It became one of the principal charitable institutions of sixteenth-century Naples. She also promoted a conservatory intended to shelter women who had lived in prostitution. These foundations placed her among the important lay and later religious organizers of Catholic reform in the city.

Drawn to the austerity of the Capuchin Franciscans, who had recently established themselves in the Kingdom of Naples, Longo sought to create a female community living the Rule of Saint Clare in the spirit of the Capuchin reform. With the collaboration of Maria Ayerbe, Duchess of Termoli, and with approval associated with Pope Paul III, she founded in 1535 the monastery of Santa Maria di Gerusalemme in Naples, the first house of the Capuchin Poor Clares (Clarisse Cappuccine). She herself entered the community and is regarded as foundress of an order that later spread in Italy and elsewhere. The foundation joined cloistered contemplative life to the Franciscan Observant and Capuchin current of reform then active in Catholic Europe.

Maria Lorenza Longo died in Naples on 21 December 1539 and was buried at the monastery she had established. She left a double legacy as organizer of hospital charity and as originator of the Capuchin Poor Clares. Her memory was preserved by the nuns of Santa Maria di Gerusalemme and by the Incurabili hospital. A cause for beatification was introduced; in 2017 Pope Francis recognized her heroic virtues, and she is therefore styled Venerable. She has not been beatified or canonized. Historians treat her as a documented example of female religious initiative in early sixteenth-century Naples, at the meeting point of Catalan-Spanish migration, hospital work, and the Capuchin movement.

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