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Marie Poussepin was born on 14 October 1653 in Dourdan, in the Île-de-France region of the Kingdom of France, into a family of silk-stocking manufacturers. Her parents were Claude Poussepin and Julienne Fourrier. After her mother's death while Marie was still in her teens, she assumed responsibility for the household and for her younger brother. Formed in a devout Catholic milieu, she enrolled in the local Confraternity of Charity, a Vincentian association devoted to visiting and assisting the poor and the sick of the town. In this work she combined practical administration with a growing sense of religious vocation.

Upon the death of her father in the 1680s, Poussepin took charge of the family manufactory, which employed a substantial number of workers, many of them women. She was noted for paying fair wages and for attending to the material and moral welfare of those in her employ, at a time when such concern was uncommon among manufacturers. Financial difficulties connected with her brother's management of the firm, together with her own deepening spiritual life, led her gradually to withdraw from commercial affairs in order to devote herself entirely to works of charity and to a more regular religious observance as a Dominican tertiary.

In 1696, with the encouragement of Paul Godet des Marais, bishop of Chartres, she established a small community at Sainville, a rural parish in the same diocese that had suffered from poverty and from the aftermath of war. The sisters undertook the free education of girls, the care of the sick in their homes, and assistance in parish life. The foundation was placed under the patronage of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin and was affiliated to the Third Order of Saint Dominic, uniting contemplative prayer with active service. Poussepin drew up a way of life that emphasized simplicity, work, and charity; over subsequent decades the community obtained ecclesiastical approval and attracted new members, becoming the Congregation of the Dominican Sisters of Charity of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin.

Poussepin remained the guiding figure of the institute until her death at Sainville on 24 January 1744. The congregation survived the French Revolution and later expanded well beyond France, establishing houses in Europe, the Americas, Asia, and Africa, devoted especially to education and health care. She was beatified by Pope John Paul II on 20 November 1994. The Catholic Church commemorates her on 14 October. She has not been canonized.

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