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Mateusz Alonso de Leciniana (known in Spanish as Mateo Alonso de Leciniana) was a Spanish priest of the Order of Preachers and a missionary martyr of eighteenth-century Tonkin, in what is now northern Vietnam. He was born in 1702 in Nava del Rey, in the province of Valladolid in Castile. He entered the Dominican Order, completed the studies required for ordination, and became a priest. Like many Spanish Dominicans of his generation he was assigned to the Province of Our Lady of the Holy Rosary, the missionary province based in Manila that directed Dominican work in East Asia, including the Philippines and the Vietnamese territories then called Tonkin and Cochinchina.

From the Philippines he was sent to the Tonkin mission. There he served Catholic communities that had been planted by earlier Dominican and Jesuit missionaries but that lived under intermittent persecution. Vietnamese rulers in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries issued edicts against Christianity at various times, treating it as a foreign cult that threatened Confucian hierarchy and political loyalty. Missionaries who were discovered risked arrest, torture, and death. Alonso de Leciniana continued his priestly ministry in that climate—administering the sacraments, instructing converts, and supporting local catechists—until he was captured.

He was imprisoned together with his confrere Francisco Gil de Federich, another Spanish Dominican of the same mission. The two priests remained in captivity for a prolonged period. Contemporary accounts of the Tonkin missions describe such imprisonments as severe, often involving chains and repeated pressure to apostatize, typically by trampling a crucifix or formally denying the faith. Both men refused. On 22 January 1745 they were beheaded. Their deaths form part of the long sequence of executions of clergy and lay Christians in Vietnam that ran from the seventeenth century into the nineteenth.

The Holy See examined the causes of the Vietnamese martyrs in several stages. Alonso de Leciniana was beatified by Pope Pius X on 20 May 1906, in a group of Tonkin martyrs. He was canonized on 19 June 1988 by Pope John Paul II as one of the 117 Martyrs of Vietnam, a group that includes bishops, priests, religious, and laypeople of Vietnamese, Spanish, and French origin. The Catholic Church commemorates this group on 24 November. Surviving biographical notices of Alonso de Leciniana are relatively brief, as is common for missionary martyrs of this period; the facts firmly attested by the Dominican tradition and by the acts of beatification and canonization are his birth at Nava del Rey, his membership in the Order of Preachers, his missionary work in Tonkin, his imprisonment with Francisco Gil de Federich, and his execution in 1745.

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