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Nektary Telyashin, known in monastic life as Nektary, was a hierarch of the Russian Orthodox Church in the seventeenth century. Traditional church-historical accounts give his birth in 1587 in the village of Telyashino, in the Nizhny Novgorod district of the Tsardom of Russia. He came from a peasant family, a social origin shared by a number of Russian bishops of the Muscovite period who entered monasteries as youths. In 1601 he was received at the Makaryev Zheltovodsky Monastery, a Volga house associated with the cult of Saint Macarius of Unzha. There he was tonsured with the name Nektary. Over the following decades he remained associated with that monastery and rose to become its archimandrite, responsible both for the spiritual life of the brethren and for the management of monastic lands and dependencies in a period when large Russian monasteries were major economic institutions.

In the 1630s, during the reign of Tsar Michael Romanov, Nektary was selected for the episcopate. He was consecrated archbishop and is recorded in episcopal lists as having occupied the see of Vologda and Great Perm, in the Russian North, and the see of Tobolsk and Siberia. The Siberian diocese, erected only in 1620 with its cathedra at Tobolsk, was still in its formative decades. As one of the early archbishops of Tobolsk, Nektary took part in the effort to establish parish churches, to supervise clergy sent from European Russia, and to extend Christian preaching among the indigenous peoples of western Siberia, including Tatars and the Ugrian peoples later known as the Khanty and Mansi. Seventeenth-century Siberian hierarchs also routinely faced disputes with the voevodas over land, tribute, and the treatment of converts; later compilations mention such tensions in connection with his administration, though the surviving documentation is sparse.

After his period of diocesan service he retired from the cathedra and returned to the Makaryev Zheltovodsky Monastery. He spent his last years in that community, the house of his original tonsure, which was a common pattern for Russian bishops who left office in old age. He died in 1667, the date traditionally given as 15 January, and was buried at the monastery. The year of his death coincided with the Great Moscow Council that anathematized the Old Believers, but there is no well-established evidence that Nektary, already in retirement, played a documented role in those events.

Nektary Telyashin was not glorified as a saint in the general synaxaria of the Russian Orthodox Church, and no feast day or patronage is securely attached to his name in standard liturgical calendars. He remains a figure of regional church history, illustrating the path from a Volga peasant monastery to the newly created Siberian hierarchy in the first half of the seventeenth century. Details of his inner life, correspondence, and the precise chronology of transfers between sees depend on later episcopal catalogues and local monastery tradition rather than on a rich contemporary biographical dossier.

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