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Ovide Charlebois was a French-Canadian Roman Catholic missionary and bishop of the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate, born on 17 February 1862 at Oka, in the Lake of Two Mountains region of Quebec. Formed in the classical colleges and seminaries of French Canada, he entered the Oblate congregation, whose nineteenth-century charism directed members toward missions among the poor and in remote territories. He was ordained to the priesthood in 1887. Almost at once he was sent west, away from the settled dioceses of the St. Lawrence valley and into the fur-trade and Indigenous country of the Canadian interior, then still organized around Hudson's Bay Company posts, Cree and Métis communities, and thin lines of settlement.

As a young Oblate he served in the Saskatchewan River basin, including the historic post of Cumberland House. Pastoral life in that country meant long circuits by canoe in summer and by snowshoe or dog team in winter, isolation from other clergy, and ministry conducted in more than one language. He worked among Cree and Métis people as well as the small European and mixed-ancestry populations attached to the posts. Contemporaries already noted his physical endurance and his attention to the practical upkeep of mission stations, not only to sacramental work. Those years as a missionary priest, rather than any later administrative post in the East, remained the pattern of his entire career.

In 1910 the Holy See erected the Apostolic Vicariate of Keewatin, a vast jurisdiction over northern Manitoba and adjoining parts of Saskatchewan and Ontario, and named Charlebois its first vicar apostolic. He was consecrated bishop the same year, with the titular see of Berenice, and fixed his residence at The Pas (Le Pas) on the Saskatchewan River. From that centre he organized missions, chapels, and schools and spent much of each year on visitation of outlying posts among First Nations, Métis, settlers, and railway workers. His episcopate belonged to the era in which the Oblates, together with congregations of women religious, built a network of mission and residential schools in the Canadian North—an institutional history later generations have examined both as an expression of the church's missionary self-understanding at the time and in light of its consequences for Indigenous communities.

Charlebois remained vicar apostolic of Keewatin until his death at The Pas on 20 November 1933, after more than two decades as bishop and more than forty years on the northern missions. He was not beatified or canonized; no feast day or official patronage is attached to his name. He is remembered as the founding bishop of Keewatin and as a representative figure of Oblate missionary Catholicism in early twentieth-century northern Canada, a prelate whose life was spent almost entirely on the missions rather than in the older dioceses of Quebec.

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