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Roger Dickenson (also spelled Dickinson in some sources) was an English Roman Catholic priest who suffered martyrdom in the late sixteenth century during the reign of Elizabeth I. He was born in Lincoln, in the county of Lincolnshire, though the year of his birth is not preserved in the surviving documentary record. Like many of the clergy who served the recusant Catholic community after the Elizabethan religious settlement, he received his formation abroad. He studied at the English College at Rheims in France, the seminary founded to train priests for the English mission after Catholic institutions in England had been suppressed. Historical accounts of the missionary clergy record that he was ordained priest in 1583 and thereafter returned to England to work in secret.

The England to which Dickenson returned was one in which the celebration of Mass, the reconciliation of penitents, and even the presence of a priest ordained overseas had been criminalized. Statutes of the mid-1580s made it high treason for a priest ordained abroad since the beginning of Elizabeth’s reign to enter the realm, and a serious offence to harbor such a priest. Dickenson’s ministry appears to have been concentrated in Hampshire, where he relied on the hospitality of Catholic laypeople. Among those who assisted him was Ralph Milner, a farmer and convert who had himself endured imprisonment for recusancy yet continued to guide priests to those in need of the sacraments and to encourage conversions. Dickenson was a secular priest, not a member of a religious order, and belonged to the body of seminary clergy sent from the Continent to sustain Catholic pastoral life under the penal laws.

In 1591 Dickenson was apprehended in connection with this network. He was taken with Ralph Milner and brought before the courts at Winchester. A young man named Laurence Humphrey, who had recently been received into the Catholic Church, was also condemned. Dickenson was sentenced to death for his priesthood rather than for any political conspiracy. On 7 July 1591 he was executed at Winchester by hanging, drawing, and quartering, the form of death then prescribed for those convicted of high treason. Catholic tradition from the period regards him, together with Milner and Humphrey, as having died for the Catholic faith and for the pastoral care of English Catholics under persecution.

After the restoration of a public Catholic hierarchy in England in the nineteenth century, the causes of the Reformation-era martyrs were systematically investigated. Dickenson was among those whose martyrdom was accepted by the Holy See. Pope Pius XI beatified him on 15 December 1929, as part of a large group of English and Welsh martyrs. He has not subsequently been canonized. His liturgical commemoration is associated with 7 July, the date of his death. Beyond the outline of his training, mission, arrest, and execution, few personal details survive; the fragmentary nature of the evidence is characteristic of priests who lived in hiding and whose papers, if they kept any, were liable to seizure and destruction.

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