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Róża Białecka, known in religion as Mother Kolumba, was born on 23 August 1838 in Jaśniszcze, a village in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria in the Austrian Empire, on historic Polish lands that had passed under Habsburg rule after the partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. She came from a Polish noble family; her father was Franciszek Białecki and her mother Eleonora, née Chołoniewska. Her childhood and youth unfolded in a Catholic, patriotic milieu typical of the Galician szlachta in the mid-nineteenth century, at a time when religious houses in the former Polish territories had been thinned by suppression and political restriction. From an early age she was drawn to consecrated life and to the Dominican tradition, though no fully established community of Dominican sisters then existed in those lands to receive her.

Seeking a way to restore Dominican women’s religious life among Poles, she obtained the support of the Order of Preachers and traveled to Rome, where she was received by Alexandre Vincent Jandel, Master General of the Order. With his authorization she took the Dominican habit and the name Kolumba. In the early 1860s she established a community at Wielowieś in Galicia, which became the motherhouse of a new congregation of sisters living under Dominican inspiration. The foundation was modest and difficult: the sisters had limited means, worked in a rural setting, and had to shape a stable observance while remaining within the legal and ecclesiastical framework of Austrian Galicia. The congregation devoted itself especially to the education of girls, care of the sick and the poor, and assistance in parish life, filling gaps left by earlier suppressions of religious houses.

As first superior of the Congregation of the Sisters of Saint Dominic, Mother Kolumba formed the first generations of sisters, opened further houses in Galicia, and held the community to a life of prayer, simplicity, and service. Contemporary accounts and later congregational memory present her as austere, Eucharistically centered, and devoted to the Blessed Virgin Mary and to Saint Dominic, and as personally attentive to the poorest. Her health was never strong. In the 1880s she suffered from tuberculosis, which progressively weakened her while she continued to govern the congregation and to correspond with her sisters about their apostolate and religious discipline.

She died on 18 March 1887 at the convent in Wielowieś, aged forty-eight, and was buried at the motherhouse. The congregation she founded endured the political upheavals of the twentieth century and continued its work in Poland and elsewhere. The cause for her beatification was later introduced; Pope Francis recognized her heroic virtues, and she is known in the Church as Venerable. She remains the foundress of the Polish Dominican Sisters and a representative figure of nineteenth-century religious renewal in Austrian Galicia.

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