Rupert Mayer

Rupert Mayer was born in 1876 in Stuttgart, in the Kingdom of Württemberg, into a prosperous Catholic merchant family. After studies in philosophy and theology at universities in Germany and Switzerland, he was ordained a priest of the Diocese of Rottenburg in 1899. The following year he entered the Society of Jesus. After Jesuit formation he became known as a preacher and was assigned to pastoral and missionary work, including service connected with the Apostleship of Prayer.

During the First World War he volunteered as a military chaplain and served with German troops on several fronts. In 1916 he was severely wounded in Romania and lost his left leg; he was decorated with the Iron Cross. After the war he was stationed in Munich and based his ministry at St. Michael's Church. There he became a leading figure in the city's Catholic life, preaching to large congregations, organizing charitable work among the unemployed and the poor, and serving as director of a Marian sodality for men. His combination of personal austerity, accessibility, and outspoken preaching earned him the popular title Apostle of Munich.

From the early 1920s Mayer publicly opposed National Socialism, arguing that its racial ideology and totalitarian claims were incompatible with Christian faith. After the Nazi seizure of power he continued to denounce attacks on the Church and on human dignity from the pulpit. The Gestapo banned him from speaking in 1937 and arrested him repeatedly. In late 1939 he was sent to Sachsenhausen concentration camp. Because of his war record, his popularity in Munich, and his deteriorating health, the authorities transferred him in 1940 to Ettal Abbey in Bavaria, where he remained under house arrest until the collapse of the regime in 1945.

Freed at the end of the war, Mayer returned to Munich and resumed pastoral work among a devastated population. On 1 November 1945 he suffered a stroke and died in Munich. He was first buried at the Jesuit cemetery in Pullach; in 1948 his remains were translated to the crypt of the Bürgersaalkirche in central Munich, which became a place of pilgrimage. Pope John Paul II beatified him in Munich in 1987. His liturgical memorial is observed on 3 November.