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Biography

Short Description

Serenicus, known in French as Saint Céneri or Sérénic, was a Christian hermit and monastic founder of the seventh century. Traditional hagiography states that he was born in Spoleto in Umbria, on the Italian peninsula, and that he belonged to a family of some social standing. With his brother Serenus, later venerated as Saint Céneré of Saulges, he left Italy and made his way to Frankish Gaul. Later writers present the departure as a quest for a more austere religious life and for missionary labour; the unsettled conditions of Lombard Italy in the seventh century form a plausible background, though they are not described in contemporary documents.

The brothers reached the region of Maine in Neustria and were received by the bishop of Le Mans, who authorized them to live as hermits. Serenicus chose a remote, rocky site on a bend of the river Sarthe, in the forested country of the Alpes mancelles, the place that afterwards became the village of Saint-Céneri-le-Gérei. He dwelt in a cave or simple cell, devoted to prayer, fasting, and work. Followers gathered around him, and a small community of monks took form under his guidance. Medieval sources frequently describe the house as Benedictine, although monastic custom in seventh-century Gaul often combined several rules. His brother settled at Saulges. Serenicus acquired a local reputation for holiness; the sick and the poor are said to have come to him, and later legend ascribes miracles of healing and of charitable provision to his intercession.

He died, according to the traditional date, in 669 and was buried at his monastery. A cult grew up around his tomb, and the settlement that developed on the site took his name. The original community did not survive intact through the following centuries; Viking raids in the ninth century are among the disasters recorded for the region. A church dedicated to Saint Céneri continued to mark the place and to attract pilgrims. His feast day is 7 May.

The historical evidence for Serenicus is limited, as is typical for many saints of the Merovingian period. No vita written in his own century is known to survive, and the narrative of noble Italian origin, the precise year of death, and the miracle stories belong to a later hagiographical tradition. What can be said with reasonable confidence is that a holy man named Serenicus (Céneri) was commemorated from an early date at the site on the Sarthe that still bears his name, and that he belongs to the stream of Italian and other foreign monks who helped to plant eremitical and monastic life in early medieval northwestern Gaul.

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