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Biography

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Theobald of Provins, known in French as Thibaut or Thibault de Provins, was an eleventh-century hermit of noble birth who is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church. He was born at Provins, in the country of Brie in Champagne, into a family of the regional nobility. Tradition gives his father the name Arnoul and places the household in the orbit of the counts of Champagne. Raised to follow a knightly career and to marry according to his rank, Theobald received the arms training and courtly formation usual for young nobles of his milieu. The Latin lives composed after his death describe a conversion in which he came to regard worldly honor and an arranged marriage as incompatible with the gospel, and resolved to leave home.

Accompanied by a single friend named Walter (Gautier), he departed Provins and embraced voluntary poverty. For a number of years the two men lived by the work of their hands, hiring themselves out as farm laborers, millers, and charcoal burners. Pettingen, in the region of present-day Luxembourg, is among the places associated with this period of hidden labor. They also traveled as pilgrims, going to the shrine of Saint James at Compostela and to Rome. The memory of Theobald’s years at the charcoal pile is the origin of his well-attested patronage of charcoal burners.

The companions at length settled in northern Italy, in a forested place called Salanigo in the territory of Vicenza, near what is now Sossano. There they took up the eremitical life. Theobald’s reputation for austerity drew disciples, and a small community of hermits formed around him. He was ordained a priest by the bishop of Vicenza and thereafter served those who sought him while remaining a hermit. Later writers sometimes associated him with the Camaldolese observance then spreading in that part of Italy, but the earliest accounts present him as an independent hermit and priest rather than as a monk of a named congregation.

Theobald died at his hermitage on 30 June 1066. Miracles were reported at his tomb, and a cult grew quickly in the Vicentine region and beyond. Pope Alexander II authorized his public veneration, an act traditionally dated to 1073 and treated as a canonization. Relics were translated and divided in the following years; Provins obtained a share and came to honor him as a native patron. His feast is kept on 30 June. In addition to Provins, he is invoked as patron of charcoal burners, the trade by which he had once earned his bread.

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